Major ports in India:
India is a vast country and has as many as nine coastal states that have the major ports contributing significantly to the export-import business. These ports experience high cargo and container traffic throughout the year. For anybody who is eager to get into the export-import trade or undergo export import training, knowledge of Shipping & Logistics is necessary.
Below are some of the unique ports of India:
Kandla Port, one of the oldest, is also called the “Partition Port”. Being on the west coast of Gujarat, this port is the first in the special economic zone in India & in Asia too. Major Imports like petroleum, chemicals, and iron & exports of grains, salt & textiles are handled through this port.
Haldia port Kolkata is located in proximity to the Hooghly River and handles cargos of petroleum, oil, and much more. This is the oldest major Port in India. It is the only riverine port with two major docks with oil wharves and a deep water dock system.
Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Nhava Sheva Port) came into existence to relieve traffic from the Mumbai port. JNP is the largest port in the Country. It is famous for its high capacity for handling large volumes of traffic on the west coastline of India. Mainly, textiles, boneless meat, and carpets are exported via this port while the import items remain vegetable oils, chemicals, and machinery. Nhava Sheva is very well connected with highways and rail networks which is the largest benefit.
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Paradip Port, Orissa The artificial deep-water port. This port has its own railway system, cold handling plant, and a national highway connecting the port to the other highway network.
Marmagao Port, Goa is one of the oldest ports in the Country. It is a natural harbor of India, engaged mainly in the export of iron ores and raw materials. Export iron ores from here. This is a major port since 1964.
Cochin Port, Kerala Termed as one of the largest ones in India, this port is located on the twin islands of Willington and Vallarpadam in Kochi. Its export and import commodities include tea, coffee, spices, fertilizers, and more.
Mumbai Port is blessed with a natural water harbor with great depth, this port is the largest port located on the mainland of Mumbai. Recently, with the construction of the brand new Jawaharlal Nehru Port, much of its international container traffic has been reduced. Its main cargo traffic includes petroleum products and chemicals.
Many of these ports are quite old and have contributed to getting our country the tag of the “Golden Bird” during ancient times. Now, equipped with the latest facilities, it is likely that trader, if undergoing a well-designed Program in shipping and logistics management, can drive their business with a better understanding.
Ports and shipping:
India has major ports and about 200 nonmajor ports handling export and import cargo, which were spread over approximately 7500 kilometers of coastline.
The major of India handled approximately 57 percent of total cargo traffic. According to the ministry of shipping, around 95 percent of India’s trading by volume 70 percent of the value is done through maritime transport. India’s ranking under the trading across border parameter of ease of doing business has recorded a jump from 80 to 60 due to various measures such as direct port delivery, direct port entry, the introduction of RFID installation of scanners, and simplification of procedures, amongst others.
India has seen an unprecedented growth of Indian seafarers employed on board Indian and foreign-flagged vessels, as a result of cumulative improvement in the quality of maritime training.
The ministry of shipping, along with the state government is striving to increase the overall port capacity to 3300+ million metric tonnes per annum by 2025 to cater to the growing traffic. Towards achieving this goal, more than projects have been identified for implementation.
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The traffic at non-major ports has been increasing over the past years with a slight decline of less than
(-1) percent. The cargo traffic handled at non-major ports in India has outer performed traffic handled at major ports.
India currently has 13 Major ports and 200 notified minor and intermediate ports.
For example, the Mundra port of Gujarat is a minor port, but it has registered a traffic volume much larger than some of the major ports.
Indian ports in the major, minor and intermediate have administrative significance. Maritime transport falls under the “concurrent list” of the constitution and thus is to administer by both the Central and the State governments.
While the Union Shipping Ministry administers the major ports, the minor and intermediate ports are administered by relevant departments or ministries in the nine coastal states viz. West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, and Gujarat.
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Indian ports as one, and their relationship with regional development under the free market economy. A port performance index derived with the help of principal component analysis of eight individual port performance indicators shows that overseas traffic intensity is the most significant determinant of performance. With the increasing openness of the economy and the absence of an integrated policy toward export transport networks, there is a decline in export intensity and rising domestic coastal traffic in Indian ports.
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